「契約」についての時代的潮流を認識しておくことが、コンサルティング実務上の基礎的要件と考えています。ここでは、グローバルな視点で「ユニドロワ契約原則」につき、以下の書籍より紹介します。「『契約の時代-日本社会と契約法-』（内田貴著：岩波書店）P260より引用」
全体的な特色をごく標語的に言えば、「１９世紀的契約自由から２０世紀的な実質的公正さの実現へ」という言い方ができよう。
契約自由を強調するだけでは正義を実現できないことを学んだのが２０世紀の契約法であった。そこで、様々な形で契約法の領域に特別法による介入がなされた。消費者法、労働法はその代表例であるし、日本の借地借家法等も挙げることができよう。しかし、これまでは、あくまで民法典の契約自由の原則を前提としたうえで、領域を限って特別法による介入がなされてきた。これに対し、ユニドロワ契約原則は、一般契約法のレベルでそういう新しい傾向を反映しているということができる。
具体的な事例として以下３つのカテゴリーに分けて紹介していますが、その内容は割愛しますが、「(4)まとめ」を記載します。
(1)契約関係維持の原則（favor contractus）
(2)信義誠実の原則
(3)公序の原則（不公平な契約の規制）(4)まとめ
以上のように、ユニドロワ契約原則は、裁判官や仲裁人等による介入をしばしば認めるという点で、一見、非常に介入主義的な印象を与えるかもしれない。しかし、むしろ、あくまで契約自由の原則は基礎としつつも、１９世紀的な形式主義（formalism）から離れて、国際取引に従事する商人の現実的感覚に合致した、実質的な公平を図ろうとする指向を評価すべきであるように思われる。ここには、意思のみを契約上の義務の根拠とする１９世紀的発想からの離脱が見られる。
それは、日本民法典が拠って立っている原則からすると、大胆な内容に見える。しかし、実は日本の裁判例、とりわけ事実審としての下級裁判例の多くが、暗黙のうちに依拠している法原則との類似性が非常に大きい。これらの原則は、明文化されると、非常に曖昧で、とうてい採用できないように法律家には感じられるが、しかし、実際には、これまで本書で論じたように、このような原則に則って判断がなされていると思われる裁判例が数多く見出されるのである。
このことは、これらの新たな契約原則をさらに充実したものとしていくうえで、日本の実務が貢献しうる余地が大きいということを示しているともいえるだろう。
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